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For it is the job of the astronomer to use painstaking and skilled observation in gathering together the history of the celestial movements, and then-since he cannot by any line of reasoning reach the true causes of these movements-to think up or construct whatever causes or hypotheses he pleases such that, by the assumption of these causes, those same movements can be calculated from the principles nf geometry for the past and for the future too. If, however, they are willing to weigh the matter scrupulously, they will find that the author of this work has done nothing which merits blame.

Since the newness of the hypotheses of this work-which sets the earth in motion and puts an immovable sun at the centre of the universe-has already received a great deal of publicity, I have no doubt that certain of the savants have taken grave offense and think it wrong to raise any disturbance among liberal disciplines which have had the right set-up for a long time now. Whether Many Movements can be Attributed to The Earth, and Concerning the Centre Of the World Answer to the Aforesaid Reasons and Their Inadequacyĩ. Why the Ancients Thought the Earth was at Rest at the Middle of The World as its CentreĨ. On the Immensity of the Heavens in Relation to the Magnitude of the Earthħ. Does the Earth have a Circular Movement? And of its PlaceĦ. The Movement of the Celestial Bodies is Regular, Circular, and Everlasting-or Else Compounded of Circular Movementsĥ.

How Land and Water Make up A Single GlobeĤ. Preface and Dedication to Pope Paul III (by Copernicus)ģ. On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres Nicolaus Copernicus, On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres Nicolaus Copernicus (1543)